The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was passed by the United States Congress to protect the public from fraudulent or erroneous practices by corporations.
The legislation set new and expanded requirements for all U.S. public companies and their worldwide subsidiaries with the goal to increase transparency in financial reporting and to require formalised systems for internal controls. While SOX only applies to companies that are publicly-traded in the US, SOX extends to foreign companies if they are owned by a US company subject to SOX or their stock is traded on a US stock exchange. Of further note, there are now SOX equivalents in Canada (C-SOX), Japan (J-SOX) and the EU.